Is Parmigiano Reggiano Parmesan Cheese? The answer might seem straightforward, but the distinction between these two types of cheese is quite significant. Parmigiano Reggiano, often referred to as Parmesan in the United States, is a high-quality, hard cheese that has been produced in Italy for centuries. On the other hand, Parmesan cheese is a generic term used to describe any hard cheese that has been aged for a certain period, regardless of its origin. This article will delve into the differences between Parmigiano Reggiano and Parmesan cheese, highlighting the unique characteristics of each.
Parmigiano Reggiano is protected by the European Union’s Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) status, which ensures that the cheese is produced in specific regions of Italy: Parma, Reggio Emilia, Modena, and parts of Bologna and Mantova. The PDO status also dictates the strict production methods and aging process that Parmigiano Reggiano must adhere to. To be classified as Parmigiano Reggiano, the cheese must be made from raw cow’s milk, undergo a specific aging process, and be produced within the designated areas.
The production of Parmigiano Reggiano is a labor-intensive process that takes approximately 18 months. The cheese is made by heating the milk, adding rennet (a natural enzyme that coagulates milk into curds and whey), and then slowly cooking the mixture. The curds are then cut into small pieces, stirred, and pressed into molds. After the curds have been drained and pressed, they are salted and placed in a cheese press. The molds are then sealed and the cheese is left to age for a minimum of 12 months. During this time, the cheese is regularly turned and cleaned to ensure proper aging.
One of the most distinguishing features of Parmigiano Reggiano is its unique texture and flavor. The cheese has a dense, crumbly texture and a rich, nutty flavor that is often described as salty, sweet, and fruity. The aging process allows the cheese to develop a complex flavor profile, making it a favorite among chefs and food enthusiasts alike.
In contrast, Parmesan cheese is a generic term that can refer to any hard cheese that has been aged for a certain period. While some Parmesan cheeses may be of high quality, not all are produced to the same standards as Parmigiano Reggiano. Many Parmesan cheeses are made from pasteurized milk, which can affect the flavor and texture of the final product. Additionally, Parmesan cheese may not be aged for as long as Parmigiano Reggiano, resulting in a milder flavor and texture.
In conclusion, the key difference between Parmigiano Reggiano and Parmesan cheese lies in their production methods, aging process, and quality. Parmigiano Reggiano is a high-quality, PDO-protected cheese that is produced in specific regions of Italy and adheres to strict production and aging guidelines. Parmesan cheese, on the other hand, is a generic term that can refer to any hard cheese of similar texture and flavor. When selecting a cheese for your next dish, it is important to understand the differences between these two types to ensure you are getting the best quality product.
